Education And Technology Play A Patient s Hba1c Levels

A scholarly literature search was conducted to determine whether education and technology play a role in a patient’s HbA1c levels. The databases that I used to search for these topics included CINAHL, PubMed, Summon, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. I started by entering words such as â€Å"diabetes self-management† and â€Å"diabetes AND technology†. I refined my search by limiting the articles to full text, published between 2011 and 2015, academic journals and English as the language. I will now present the articles to decide whether education makes a difference in the way patients with diabetes manage their care. Article one, â€Å"The effect of Educational Interventions on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus† by†¦show more content†¦The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and written informed consents were obtained from all the participants after providing them with an explanation about the study design and objectives. The study was conducted on 100 male and female adults between 40 and 75 years old who had type 2 diabetes for at least 2 years and had received a maximum of 2 oral diabetes medications. (Zibaeenezhad et al., 2012). According to the results, the mean level of HbA1c was significantly lower at the 3 month follow up compared to baseline (8.09 +/- 0.31 versus 8.51 +/- 0.26, P 0.001). In the male participants, the mean level of HbA1c was 8.59 +/- 0.26 at baseline and 8.21 +/- 0.29 at the 3-month follow-up (P 0.001). These values were respectively obtained as 8.39 +/- 0.03 and 7.94 +/- 0.04 in the female participants (P 0.001). The study results indicated a significant decrease in HbA1c levels in both male and female participants by the end of the educational course, although the duration of follow up was relatively short (three months). Another limitation was that the study only evaluated the effect of the intervention on HbA1c as a measure of glycemic control. Thus, further studies are recommended to assess clinical parameters (e.g. blood pressure and BMI). Moreover, behavioral or educational theories must have a more

History of Graphics Free Essays

As a doctor in Montreal, Bethink frequently sought out the poor and gave them free medical care. As a thoracic surgeon, he traveled to Spain (1936? 1 937) and to China (1938-1939) to perform battlefield surgical operations on war casualties. Created by Ghana Sin Guy. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Graphics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Huber People’s Publishing House. [107] Culture and politics[edit] This magazine cover reproduced from an Orlando poster by Gusty Novel, depicts four famous Iranian writers of the 20th century (Gala Assam Bearing, All- Kafka Deckhand, and Sadie Headway). In order to create this color scheme the artist uses only two colors (orange and green) over a yellow background. By using a circular arrangement of faces she tries to achieve a balanced (1971). Richard Evaded was an American photographer. Evaded capitalized on his early success in fashion photography and expanded into the realm of fine art. This is a salaried poster portraits of the Battles, originally produced for 9 January 1967 edition of the American magazine Look. The Barack Obama â€Å"hope† poster is an Iconic Image of Barack Obama designed by artist Sheppard Faller. The Image became one of the most widely recognized symbols of Beam’s campaign message, spawning many variations and imitations, including some commissioned by the Obama campaign. In January 2009, after Obama had won the election, Fairy’s mixed-media stencil portrait version of the Image was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution for Its National Portrait Gallery. This political poster by Sociopath ?r L © about Ulster. Andrew Pavlov’s poster of Poet IMMUNOASSAY (2003). This poster is a graphic 1 OFF (Constructivism) was almost always in demand in Russia and it can become one of principal trends now. Some of the contemporary Russian artists and art historians have already suggested the new term – Additive Constructivism. It emphasizes the return to modernism, which starts to significantly push out the postmodern art practices. It’s not a postmodern performance. The Constructivist color solution proves that so it is. Do Computer aided graphic design in posters[edit] With the arrival of computer aided graphic design an assortment of novel effects, digital techniques, and innovative styles have been emerged in poster designs. With software such as Adobe Photos, Corer and Windows’ Paint program, image editing as become very cheap, and artists can experiment easily with a variety of color schemes, filters and special effects. For instance, utilizing various filters of Photos, many artists have created â€Å"vectored† designs in posters where a photographic image is socialized, sharpened, rendered into watercolors or stained glass effects or converted into bare lines with block colors. Other designs created soft or blurry styles, ripple or cascade effects and other special filters. Advertising[edit] Graphic design is used in advertising to announce a persuasive message by an identified sponsor; or a promotion by a firm of its products to its existing and potential customers. Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters. Commercial messages and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Lost and found advertising on papyrus was common in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Wall or rock painting for commercial advertising is another manifestation of an ancient advertising form, which is present to this day in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. [110] Advertising in the 19th century[edit] This advertising flier from 1806 is for a traditional medicine called Keynesian. Display in the Eddo Tokyo Museum. This is a 19th-century advertising poster for the hydrotherapy baths of Bagels De Loren (France). This is a playbill for Perhaps Opera Vocalists, 1856. This poster from the second half of the asses advertises for Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show, advertising â€Å"Miss Annie Oakley, the peerless lady wing-shot†. Advertising in the early 20th century[edit] This is a French poster for Deadbeat et Alleviate. The Deadbeat Alleviate was a French automobile, manufactured in Lyon from 1894 to 1901. This is a German poster by Frizz Ream for Leafier Cigarettes (published 1896-1900) Hanson Troupe in the most astonishing mid-air achievements ever accomplished. † â€Å"Drink Coca-Cola SC†, an asses advertising poster showing a woman in fancy clothes (partially vaguely influenced by 16th- and 17th-century styles) drinking Coke. German Plastic, â€Å"Poster style†[edit] In the early 20th century, Germany became the cradle of many of the avian-garden art movements particularly for posters. This created the â€Å"Plastic† or â€Å"Poster style† movement. This movement became very influential and had a considerable impact n the graphic design for posters. Posters in this style would feature few but strong colors, a sharp, non-cluttered, minimal composition and bold, clear types. [111] Ludwig Howling[edit] Howling Karate Corps Germanic Munched 1913. JPG Ludwig Howling was born in Germany in 1874. He was trained and practiced as an architect until 1906 when he switched to poster design. Hellion’s adaptations of photographic images was based on a deep and intuitive understanding of graphical principles. His creative use of color and architectural compositions dispels any suggestion that he uses photos as a substitute for creative design. Or Requite Praline Tea c. 920-1926. Howling was born in the Rhine-Main region of Germany, though he and his work are associated with Munich and Bavaria in southern Germany. There were two schools of Cheeseburger’s in Germany at the time, North and South. Hellion’s high tonal contrasts and a network of interlocking shapes made his work instantly recognizable. Poster historian Lain Weà ¢â‚¬â„¢ll comments that â€Å"Howling was the most prolific and brilliant German posterior of the 20th century†¦ Beginning with his first efforts, Howling found his style with disconcerting facility. It would vary little for the next forty years. The drawing was perfect from the start, nothing seemed alien to him, and in any case, nothing posed a problem for him. His figures are full of touches of color and a play of light and shade that brings them out of their background and gives them substance†[112] Lucian Bernhard[edit] With nothing to lose, Lucian Bernhard entered a poster contest for the Priest Match Company. The Judges, found this poster bizarre, and ignored it. However Ernst Growled, sales manager for Berlins leading proto-advertising agency and poster renter, saw the discarded poster and exclaimed: â€Å"This is my first prize. How to cite History of Graphics, Papers

Stress Factors Among College Students

Question: Prepare a research proposal on stress factors and their influence on the quality of life and well-being of college students pursuing final year of the undergraduate course.Proposal, which should not be less than 1000 words and not more than 1100 words.Outline the specifications of your research. Also, clearly define the aims, objectives, rationale for choosing your research topic and timelines for your research tasks. Outline the resources at your disposal for this research.Explain the role of ethical codes and ethics committees in research and prepare a consent form for participants of your research. Answer: Background and Rationale The scientific literature widely supports the contention of the impact of various stress inducing factors and circumstances on the lifestyle and well-being of various nursing undergraduate students across the globe. In fact, nursing population constitute the major proportion of the professionals contributing to the healthcare services in the modern society. The stressed students fraternity indeed predisposed to various health risks and psychosocial problems posing serious threats in developing an efficient health care system. Jeffreys (2012) discuss regarding the clinical evidences supporting the contention of influence of stress factors including nursing educational program, skills assessment and nursing licensing evaluation on the psychological state and academic performance of the nursing college students at various levels. The clinical literature describes variable situations including financial constrains, relationship with the faculty, extent of communication between fellow stu dents, study burden, extreme competition, distance from the college, frequency and criteria of evaluation programs, additional engagements and age of the students as important factors influencing the well being and quality of life of the nursing college students (Landow, 2006:pp. 10-13). The outcomes of this research study may assist the nursing fraternity to efficiently diagnose and identify the stressful circumstances and situations adding to the burden of psychosocial instability, diseases and reduction in the quality of life among the nursing college students of the final year undergraduate course. Proactive identification of these predisposing factors may assist the academicians and healthcare professionals to devise effective remedies to overcome these tracked challenges, with the intent to develop a self sufficient, psychologically stable, committed, knowledgeable and healthy nursing fraternity; well versed in rendering medical services across the globe. Aim and Objectives To investigate the relevance of various stress factors and their influence on the health, well being and quality of life of students undergoing nursing undergraduate courses at various medical colleges in United Kingdom. Objectives and Specifications Retrieve the data in terms of VAS (visual analogue scale) to determine the frequency and intensity of stress inducing circumstances and factors affecting the psychosomatic health of the nursing students undergoing final year of the undergraduate course in different college settings. The study data requires collection from the students in form of questionnaires, with the intent to determine the academic, psychosocial, personal and clinical factors predisposing the target population toward developing mental and health related problems. Study data requires analysis in context to the statistical parameters and existing clinical literature to determine the frequency and prevalence of various stress factors and their intensity and effect on producing stress and mental pressure on the study subjects affecting their well being and quality of life. Perform critical evaluation of the study design, end-points and outcomes to derive conclusions from the study and recommend on further strategies warranted in exploring the contention from the study findings. Research Plan The plan for the study comprises of the predefined steps requiring execution within a timeframe of three months from the date of allocation. The study plan requires configuring the research proposal in the light of the current clinical literature. The informed consent from all nursing college students desirous of participating in the study warranted in context to the ethical perspectives. The study requires execution in terms of distributing the preconfigured questionnaires to the research participants for data collection. The study data needs retrieval and analysis in accordance with the study parameters. The research findings require discussion to conclude the results for final submission. Ethical Considerations and Informed Consent from the Research Participants Any research study conducted on human population requires consideration of ethical norms and perspectives to maintain the dignity and confidentiality of the participants, and to keep the personal information secured and anonymous throughout the study tenure. Santoro Gorrie (2005:p. 41) elaborate regarding the ethical considerations of the clinical studies on the human subjects in accordance with the standards established by Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). The ethical issues related to the clinical studies in United Kingdom addressed through various research ethics committees following the standards established by the Central Office for Research Ethics Committees (Leathard McLaren, 2007:pp. 46-47). The study therefore, requires execution in accordance with the ethical parameters after obtaining approval from the research ethics committees of the respective colleges and requesting informed consent from the participants prior to their enrolment in the research program. Methodology The methodology employed to execute the research study based on quantitative and exploratory techniques to track and identify the intensity and frequency of the stress factors affecting the psychosomatic functionality of the research participants. The data initially required from 250 final year nursing students (including 161 males and 89 females) pursuing undergraduate program from five different nursing colleges situated in various locations across United Kingdom. The responses of the nursing college students follow the pattern influenced by Holmes and Rahe rating scale for tracking the stressful circumstances and their influence on the subjects of study (Halter, 2014:p. 172). However, the findings from the research participants obtained from the questionnaire listing multiple academic, financial, social, personal and clinical factors with corresponding stress scales ranging from zero (0) until five (5) to record the frequency and severity of the stressful outcomes resulting from t he causative factors. The statistical analysis of the study findings including frequency, intensity and percentages of the retrieved data required to evaluate and correlate the outcomes and resulting conclusion. Limitations The clinical study limited by less number of participants as compared to the exploratory and descriptive nature of the study. Moreover, the timeframe of three months duration is too short to derive definitive conclusions followed by retrieving concrete clinical evidences. Research Questionnaires The research questionnaire listed various academic factors pertaining to assignment and project deadlines, exam stress, difficult relations with professors and classmates, fear of obtaining less grades in exams, insecurity due to lack of knowledge and expected unemployment after passing the course. The economic factors in the questionnaire correspond to increased financial burden leading to difficulties in managing the course fee and additional professional engagements along with the studentship to overcome the cost constraint. The social and personal factors listed as disturbed interpersonal relationships, familial constraints, lack of leisure time for co-curricular activities and personal development. The clinical factors include lack of confidence in handling patients, lack of clinical and technical knowledge, and fear of failing in execution of nursing activities in a professional environment, any presenting medical morbidity or past medical history influencing the psychosomatic homeostasis. References Halter, M 2014, Varcarolis' Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Elsevier, Missouri Jeffreys, M 2012, Nursing Student Retention: Understanding the Process and Making a Difference, Springer, NY Landow, M 2006, Stress and Mental Health of College Students, Nova, NY Leathard, A McLaren, S 2007, Ethics: Contemporary Challenges in Health and Social Care, PP, UK Santoro, M Gorrie, T 2005, Ethics and the Pharmaceutical Industry, Cambridge, UK